The predeceased person is declared to have never bought, only the surviving buyer is considered the owner from the beginning. The testator`s heirs therefore have no right to the property (the property is not part of the inheritance of the inheritance). However, the surviving purchaser must pay the inheritance tax, which is calculated according to the degree of relationship he has with the testator and the value of the share he receives (free between spouses and life partners, 60% between cohabiting partners after a discount of 1594 €). However, there is an exception to this rule. If, at the time of death, the property is the main residence of the buyers and its value is less than € 76,000, the survivor only pays the transfer costs against payment (i.e. the maximum legal rate of 5.81%). One of the most famous Tontine buildings in the United States was the “Tontine Coffee House” in Manhattan, the first real house on the New York Stock Exchange. The tontine was proposed in 1790 and completed 2 years later in 1972. 203 shares were sold at 200 per share, Young Lives was also the shareholders of Tontine, which received the rents and all other income from the property. According to the conditions of the tontine, the dissolution was triggered while only seven candidates were still alive.
The shares also had clay derivatives, meaning they could have been sold by the original candidate, but the status of the stock remained dependent on their lives. The building was demolished and replaced in the mid-1950s, when only 51 shareholders remained. After the death was triggered in the 1970s, the property was sold at court-ordered auction for $138,550, much less than expected.10 Tontine was also used to structure clubs such as the Livingston Sportsmen`s Association. This New York club was organized according to the principle of the tontine, in which 45 original members had the right to enjoy the rights and privileges of the members, and could lose their right of tontine due to the reason for death, resignation or non-payment of dues and exams. Members were also responsible for running the club and making other important decisions.11 Shrewsbury architect John Hiram Haycock built the Tontine Hotel (The Tontine) in Ironbridge in 1780 with a tontin to finance its construction. The hotel is close to the famous Iron Bridge, which spans the River Severn and gives the city its name. The first real Tontine was therefore organized in October 1670 in the city of Kampen in the Netherlands, which was soon followed by three other cities. [9] The French finally established a state tontine in 1689[8] (although it was not described under this name because Tonti had fallen out of favor about five years earlier). The English government organized a tontine in 1693. [10] Nine other government tonstines were organized in France in 1759; four more in Britain until 1789; and others in the Netherlands and some German Länder. Those in the UK were not fully subscribed and, in general, UK programmes tended to be less popular and more successful than their continental counterparts. [11] At the beginning of the American Republic, U.S.
Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton proposed using tontines to reduce the national debt. The Hamilton Tontine had an unusual payment structure that froze payments from investors to ultimate recipients when the survivor pool was reduced to 20% of the initial group. These beneficiaries would still receive a dividend, but it would no longer increase if their co-beneficiaries died out. Hamilton`s tontine proposal, however, was ignored by Congress. Tontines were often used to raise funds for private or public construction projects. [17] They sometimes included the word “tontine” in their name. Example: John has two children from a previous relationship. He and his new partner Anne buy their French house in tontine. Later, they had a child, Christine. When John dies first, his partner Anne inherits the house in its entirety.
When Anne herself dies, the estate passes to Christine, as John`s children have no blood relationship with Anne. Only if Anne died first and her partner John then inherited the property would all the children, including Christine, later inherit the property. In 2015, John Barry Forman and Michael J. Sabin uses modern actuarial techniques to calculate fair transfer payments when members are of different ages and have contributed differently, a new pension plan structure according to the Tontine model, through which large employers could offer their employees retirement income. They argued that tontine annuities had two major advantages over traditional annuities because they would still be fully funded and the plan sponsor would not be required to bear the investment and actuarial risks. [29] Similar arguments were put forward by Moshe Milevsky in the same year. [30] In March 2017, the New York Times reported that tontines were receiving new considerations for earning a stable retirement income. [5] Tontine has been used worldwide for project financing, particularly for municipal improvements that include public and private buildings, and for today`s urban renewal.
The structure of this tontine was very similar to the basic structure of the tontine explained above, shareholders would invest in a common pool used to build a particular property or real estate, and they are entitled to rents and other income generated by the property….
